The Birmingham Canal Navigations

The BCN: Wyrley & Essington, Rushall canal, Birmingham & Fazeley, Tame Valley canal, Stourbridge canal, Walsall canal, Dudley tunnel, Netherton tunnel.
Shropshire Union Canal Staffs & Worcs Canal Grand Union Canal Worcester & Birmingham Canal Birmingham & Fazeley Canal Hotelboats cruising here Away2stay floating city centre accomodation Listing of boatyards Away2dine Cruising Restaurant map of bcn

Birmingham sits on a plateau about 200 feet above the surrounding countryside, and would probably have been passed by by early canals which were intent on linking the Rivers Trent and Mersey and Severn.

Local merchants funded a meandering 10 mile canal to serve local coalfields but the rapidly developing Industrial Revolution led to over 180 miles of canals and 216 locks being built over the next 100 years, hence 'more canals than Venice', and Birmingham became the heart of the narrow canal network.

Even the coming of the railways did not slow the growth of trade, over eight and a half million tons a year were being carried at the end of the nineteenth century and canals and railways worked together to supply the 'Black Country's' industry and population. There were over 40 basins where goods were trans-shipped. Canals serviced the canalside factories, railways carried raw materials in and products out to the the country and world.


Walsall Locks

Gas Street Basin linocut by Eric Gaskell details

There's a wealth of Industrial history to see alongside the canal, don't miss the Black Country Living Museum at Dudley.
Over 100 miles of narrow canals, lots of locks, a multitude of canal junctions, loops and a quite a few tunnels!
The BCN is part of the Black Country Ring with the Staffs & Worcs, Trent & Mersey and B'ham & Fazeley, the Avon ring with the Worcester & B'ham, River Severn, River Avon & Stratford canal as well as it's own circular routes.
Commercial trade disappeared in the middle of the twentieth century and 54 miles of canals were closed, but the remaining network is still a uniquely interesting area to explore, overflowing with industrial heritage, tunnels, flyovers, factories and warehouses. The city of Birmingham is making maximum regeneration use of the space and life that canals can bring into the heart of urban areas and building some stunning waterside developments.

The BCN can currently be accessed from five directions. From the north the link with the Staffs & Worcs Canal climbs the 21 Wolverhampton locks to join the 'new main line' built by Telford in the 1820's to straighten Brindley's twisting contour route. He made use of deep cuttings and embankments and the wide canal has a towpath on either side.

From the south comes the Worcester & Birmingham, and from the south east the Grand Union Canal. The Birmingham & Fazeley Canal comes in from the east, forming a network through the centre of the city of Birmingham.

The Dudley Tunnel, closed to powered craft, gave access from the west. Boats now use the wide Netherton Tunnel with towpaths either side and gas lighting built to overcome the bottleneck caused by the old narrow tunnel.

There were also links in the north east area to the Staffs & Worcs at Hatherton and to the Coventry Canal at Huddleston, restoration is underway on both at present. The two large loops of canals in the North Eastern area served coalfields, especially those around Cannock which were the last to close in the 1960's.(Walsall Locks right)

Subsidence has always been a major problem because of mining activities. Lappal Tunnel (3,795 yards) which gave a faster link to the Worcester & Birmingham was closed in 1917 due to subsidence, though even it now has a society planning to reopen it!

Although much of the BCN is urban there is a lot of pleasant countryside too, Sneyd Junction for instance on the Wyrley & Essington Canal, known by boatmen as the 'curly whirly' because of its twisting route. It now sees few boats but was once one of the busiest parts of the BCN carrying coal from surrounding mines, now long closed.


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