Museums on the Kennet and Avon Canal

Guide To Crofton Beam Engines

Crofton Beam Engines The Crofton Pumping Station was built in 1807-9 to supply water to the highest point of the Kennet & Avon Canal which links London and Bristol. It is a rare survivor of the technology which enabled British engineers to drain mines and supply towns and cities with water throughout the world.

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The Birth of the Kennet and Avon Canal

The Kennet and Avon Canal, completed between 1794 and 1810, serves as a vital waterway linking the River Kennet to the River Avon. This ambitious project transformed transportation between London and Bath, facilitating trade and travel. The canal not only made journeys safer but also enhanced Bath’s status as a fashionable spa town, providing a crucial route for transporting goods such as Bath stone, food, and coal.

The Need for a Pumping Station

As the canal’s construction progressed, engineers faced a challenge: the highest point of the canal system was situated between the villages of Crofton and Burbage. Initial plans by Scottish engineer John Rennie proposed a lengthy tunnel to bypass the elevation, but the high costs led to the search for a more economical solution. Ultimately, a shorter tunnel was constructed, and a pumping station was required to maintain the water supply at the newly established summit, which was 40 feet above the nearest reliable water source.

Establishment of Crofton Pumping Station

In 1807, Crofton Pumping Station was built approximately three-quarters of a mile east of the canal’s summit. The station was equipped with steam pumps designed to elevate water from nearby springs and a well, ensuring a steady supply for the canal. The first engine, a 36-inch bore Boulton & Watt engine, was installed in 1809, marking the beginning of Crofton’s legacy in steam-powered engineering.

The Engineering Marvels of Crofton Beam Engines

The Boulton & Watt Engine

The Boulton & Watt engine, installed in 1812, is the oldest beam engine still in operation today. Crafted from cast iron and weighing six tons, this engine has been meticulously preserved and continues to perform the task it was originally designed for. It is a remarkable example of early industrial engineering, showcasing the craftsmanship of its time.

The Harvey Engine

In 1846, the original 36-inch bore engine was replaced by a Sims Combined Cylinder Engine constructed by Harvey of Hayle. This engine, which weighs approximately 4.5 tons, has also been preserved and remains operational. Together, these two engines exemplify the technological advancements of the 19th century and serve as a living museum of steam power.

The Role of Boilers

The pumping station relies on coal-fired Lancashire boilers to generate steam for the engines. The original boilers were replaced over the years, but the current setup continues to operate efficiently. The boilers are vital for maintaining the steam pressure required to power the beam engines, and visitors can often see volunteers shoveling coal into the firebox during steaming days.

Visiting Crofton Beam Engines

Opening Times and Admission

Crofton Beam Engines opens its doors to the public during designated steaming days, typically from April to September. Visitors can explore the site and witness the engines in action. Admission fees vary depending on whether it’s a steaming day or a non-steaming day, with special rates for children and families.

Facilities and Accessibility

The site is equipped with essential facilities for visitors, including toilets and a picnic area. While the Engineman’s Rest Café is currently closed, a pop-up refreshment tent operates on steaming days, offering a selection of beverages and snacks.

The Experience of Steaming Days

On steaming days, the atmosphere at Crofton Beam Engines is electric. Visitors can witness the impressive sight of the beam engines in action, with steam billowing and the rhythmic sound of the engines at work. Knowledgeable volunteers are on hand to provide insights and answer questions, making the experience both educational and enjoyable.

Guided Tours

Guided tours are available for groups and individuals, enriching the visit with detailed explanations of the engines’ history and operation. Self-guided tours are also encouraged, allowing visitors to explore at their own pace while soaking in the rich heritage of the site.

Special Events and Activities

Throughout the year, Crofton Beam Engines hosts various events, including family-friendly activities and themed days. These events are designed to engage visitors of all ages and provide a deeper understanding of the site’s significance in industrial history.

Crofton Beam Engines Pictures

Crofton Beam Engines Reviews

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Review from Google Places

2 August 2024

A most fascinating visit shows the evolution of steam pumps and how great we once were a world leader in technology volunteer’s very knowledgeable the operations fascinating something every young person should visit to understand history and the great work of the volunteer.

Neil Merry

Review from Google Places

7 July 2024

Lovely bit of working history. Lovely to see kids who’d been on school trips telling their parents all about it.

Gem Hecks

Review from Google Places

2 April 2024

An excellent day out. The road running up to the station is narrow and muddy on a wet day, and parking is a little bit of an issue. The volunteers were really friendly and very knowledgeable. Thanks to Tony in the Well, who took the time to explain things to us and answer all our questions.

My Review

Review from Google Places

29 August 2023

Loved it. The oldest working steam engines still performing their original job and the most pleasantly instructive steam museum I’ve visited yet. The volunteers are well informed and also supremely keen to be helpful. We’ll worth the trip. Reccomend

Richard Sharp

Review from Google Places

28 May 2023

A beautiful place with some of the best volunteers I have ever met. It was fascinating and I really enjoyed it. If I had visited as a child I would have been an engineer by now, it is extremely inspiring.

Rachael Wells